This interdisciplinary book project analyzes the varying functions and perceptions of recycled statues prominently displayed in imperial monuments at Rome. Drawing on art-historical, archaeological, historical, and epigraphic evidence, it offers the first detailed discussion of why ancient Roman emperors from Augustus to Constantine incorporated older statues into their newly built monuments and how these new ensembles impacted Roman identity. In examining the public display of repurposed materials, this book provides a contextual analysis of civic patronage and monument reuse and explores the multifaceted relationship between patron, audience, and the past. It also demonstrates how the late-antique practice of monument reuse builds on this venerable tradition of emperors programmatically displaying recycled material throughout Imperial Rome.