This project takes up the issue of early modern artistic agency in the delineation of spaces of selfhood, spiritual conversion, and coercion. The study undertakes to reconstruct the careers of relatively little known but innovative and prolific refugee artists who numbered amongst the first generation born Protestant in northern Europe, but subsequently converted “back to” Catholicism and left their war-ravaged homelands for Rome, where they presented themselves as converts whose spiritual discernment made them privileged figurers of divine vision. The printed medium became in these artists’ hands intrinsically associated with processes of conversion and peregrination. Their indexical “convert line” figured their spiritual trajectory from heretic to Catholic. Their art constituted a visible sign of the former heretics’ interior acts of conversion and obedience to the Roman Church, sublimating the threat of heresy latent in their homelands and biographies.