Over the past two decades, Rome’s average temperature has risen by 3.6 degrees Celsius compared to the 1971–2000 period, making it the warmest city in Europe. Considering this, how can we rethink urban space in relation to the emerging climatic era? The contemporary city, constantly evolving, is the quintessential organism in flux. It is an entity in a state of deficit, where climate becomes the transient yet transformative force shaping its future. Rome stands as a symbolic case study, offering a platform to explore models of urban adaptation that can serve as examples of this essential evolution. These forms of adaptation, often informal, challenge the conventional functions of urban spaces to meet the demands of a changing climate. To navigate this new reality, we must look to rediscover and reimagine archetypes and spatial typologies that are shifting toward unpredictable transformations. CoolRome will investigate innovative, often primitive and temporary cooling solutions that are already reshaping, and will continue to reshape, the urban landscape of Rome in the near future.