During the last three decades, C. Brian Rose, James B. Pritchard Professor of Archaeology at the University of Pennsylvania, has codirected the excavation of two legendary sites in Turkey: Troy in northwestern Turkey, across from the Gallipoli peninsula, and Gordion, the capital city of King Midas and the Phrygians, which is not far from Ankara. Neither excavation was easy to undertake because both sites had been extensively excavated with a heavy hand in earlier periods. In this workshop, Rose will discuss the methodologies used to explore the citadel mounds and the surrounding areas, and discuss the problems that an archaeologist encounters in the twenty-first century when dealing with major legendary sites in the Old World.