This project investigates the veneration of holy mountains and high places in the Roman empire, focusing specifically on the most important of them: the Capitoline Hill in Rome. The hill was integrated into Roman society as its historical citadel, the location of its holiest temple, the destination of ritual processions, as well as the setting for many of the most important state ceremonies and individual rites of passage. By considering the rich body of literary accounts of the hill, the evidence of inscriptions and archaeology, and itineraries for visitors and pilgrims to the city, this study investigates not only the processes that led to the rise of the holy mountain, but also its material and conceptual decline in the Middle Ages.