My dissertation conducts the first comprehensive study of medieval Sicilian silk, especially that produced under the Normans, and considers its broader implications for our understanding of multicultural Mediterranean exchange. Grappling with the historiographical limitations of fragmented sources and siloed disciplines, I draw from centuries of scholarship on the renowned Norman royal regalia to explore understudied materials, including embroidered mantles and hundreds of woven fragments that are, or once were, tentatively attributed to Sicily. The shifting attributions of these lesser-known textiles have never been studied systematically, and reveal the ways in which medieval multiculturalism has been treated by medieval scholars, modern colonizers, and contemporary researchers. By consolidating iconographic, material, and technical analyses with textual sources, this project uses new materials and methods to better understand the cultural crossroads manifest in this remarkable artistic medium.