Our project will explore the concept and practice of in situ preservation with an emphasis on underwater cultural heritage. In situ preservation refers to the practice of preserving and protecting archaeological remains within their original context or place of discovery, without removing them permanently. We aim to explore how in situ preservation can raise awareness and build capacity for these largely unseen yet important archaeological resources. Italy is a leading advocate for in situ preservation of both terrestrial and underwater archaeological sites. Our research will examine how in situ preservation efforts have been implemented at various archaeological sites in Rome and Italy and the benefits and drawbacks of the physical and monitoring techniques currently used at these sites. Additionally, we will consider several collections that curate and exhibit recovered underwater archaeological materials. This will provide valuable context for understanding the long-term impacts of raising and managing submerged cultural heritage, offering a contrast to preserving these materials in their original location. Our goal is to evaluate best practices for in situ preservation and assess their potential applicability to the preservation of the Clotilda, the last known US slave ship to bring captives from Africa to the United States.